Everything about Populares totally explained
Populares ("Favoring the people", singular
popularis) were
aristocratic leaders in the late
Roman Republic who tended to use the
people's assemblies in an effort to break the stranglehold of the
Senate on political power. They were opposed by the conservative
Optimates.
The populares wanted to strengthen the power of the
plebs, sharing riches of the nobility with the people, granting free bread and similar to the poor and resisting too much outbred
slavery, since slavery took jobs from free but poor citizens. Wanting to make Rome more of a "people's" republic, the populares were popular among the people, granting the power of people's tribunes and weakening the nobles
senate.
Popularis plans included some moving of Roman citizens to provincial colonies; expansion of
citizenship to communities outside of
Rome and
Italy; and modification of the grain dole and monetary value. The populares' cause reached its peak under the
dictatorship of
Julius Caesar, the most avid leader of the populares. After the creation of the
Second Triumvirate (
43 BC–
33 BC), the cause of the populares was essentially lost in the following power struggle.
Besides Caesar, notable populares included the
Gracchi Brothers,
Gaius Marius,
Publius Clodius Pulcher, and (during the
First Triumvirate)
Marcus Licinius Crassus and
Pompey. Both Pompey and Crassus had, though, fought with Sulla during the
civil war and after the death of Crassus, Pompey eventually became more and more of a conservative optimate.
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